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Direktorat Jendral Imigrasi
Beranda Berita
Detail Berita
Jepang tidak siap menghadapi masuknya pekerja asing (5)
Dalam sistem visa yang baru, pemerintah telah menyeleksi 14 industri yang menurut pernyataan mengalami kekurangan tenaga kerja sudah cukup lama.
Dari berbagai bidang industri itu, kebutuhan perawat lansia menempati posisi teratas, sebanyak 50.000 sampai 60.000 orang diperkirakan akan direkrut untuk memenuhi kebutuhan dalam lima tahun pertama setelah undang-undang keimigrasian direvisi.
Diikuti oleh industri restoran dengan 41.000 hingga 53.000 tenaga kerja, sektor konstruksi 30.000 sampai 40.000, perusahaan jasa perawatan gedung 28.000 sampai 37.000, dan industri pertanian 18.000 hingga 36.500.
Chieko Kamibayashi, profesor pada Universitas Hosei dan ahli dalam masalah pekerja migran, mengingatkan bahwa kondisi kerja dari tiap-tiap bidang industri sangat berbeda, pemerintah harus mempersiapkan pendekatan berbeda untuk menarik para tenaga kerja di masing-masing sektor industri.
“Tetapi semua terlihat seperti bercampur-baur dalam sistem (visa) baru ini,” katanya.
Sebagai contoh, Jepang sudah mempunyai tiga jenis kategori visa yang berbeda bagi perawat (lansia) asing dalam mengatasi kekurangan tenaga kerja yang cukup mendesak di tengah semakin cepatnya pertumbuhan jasa pelayanan perawat untuk lansia.
Hanya sebagian kecil pendaftar yang pada akhirnya benar-benar berminat ke Jepang dan kemudian memilih tetap bekerja di Jepang, sebagian dikarenakan persyaratan kemampuan bahasa Jepang yang diminta dalam industri jasa perawatan lansia.
“Gaji para perawat di Jepang saat ini terlalu rendah. Sulit untuk menarik tenaga kerja asing,” kata Akashi dari Universitas Tsukuba.
Untuk meningkatkan gaji sektor jasa perawat, secara umum diperlukan reformasi sistem jaminan kesehatan. Tetapi pemerintah belum siap untuk melakukan perubahan drastis, malahan jalan pintas yang dilakukan hanya dengan menciptakan kategori visa baru untuk perawat lansia melalui undang-undang hasil revisi, katanya.
Kamibayashi sementara ini mengamati banyaknya para pekerja migran yang masih tetap berada di Jepang setelah visa mereka telah berakhir.
“Bagaimana anda bisa pulang setelah hidup di Jepang selama puluhan tahun? Dan (otoritas imigrasi) juga tidak dapat memaksa ratusan ribu orang untuk pulang ke negara mereka masing-masing,” katanya.
