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Direktorat Jendral Imigrasi
Beranda Berita
Detail Berita
Jepang tidak siap menghadapi masuknya pekerja asing (4)
Kekurangan tenaga kerja nampaknya akan terus berlanjut dalam tahun-tahun mendatang. Menurut perhitungan Kementerian Tenaga Kerja pada 2017, populasi angkatan kerja berusia antara 15 – 64 tahun diperkirakan akan menyusut sebesar 41,4 persen menjadi 45,29 juta di 2065 dari 77,28 juta di 2015.
“Sistem baru (visa kerja) ini dibutuhkan bagi para tenaga kerja asing yang berkualitas untuk memainkan peran yang lebih besar di Jepang di tengah kurangnya jumlah tenaga kerja dari dalam negeri,” Perdana Menteri Shinzo Abe mengungkapkan saat konferensi pers di Tokyo pada 10 Desember, berusaha untuk mendapatkan dukungan masyarakat untuk berjalannya sistem baru ini.
Sebenarnya, Jepang telah memberikan izin bagi tenaga kerja asing yang tidak memiliki keahlian setiap tahun dalam jumlah yang besar melalui penerbitan visa ‘pelajar’ dan ‘pemagang internal bidang teknik’, yang menuai kritik karena dianggap sebagai kebijakan ‘pintu belakang’ dari aturan resmi keimigrasian.
Hasilnya, walau agak ganjil, para pekerja tidak resmi pemegang dua jenis visa tersebut mencakup 40,5 persen dari 1,28 juta tenaga kerja asing yang ada di Jepang menurut data Desember 2017.
“Sedikit banyak, sistem baru dapat digambarkan sebagai (awal) normalisasi terhadap situasi yang ada,” ucap Akashi.
Saat ini, “pelajar” asing menurut regulasi tidak diperkenankan bekerja lebih dari 28 jam per minggu karena alasan mereka berada di Jepang adalah untuk belajar.
Tetapi banyak dari para pelajar diyakini bekerja lebih dari waktu yang diperbolehkan karena mereka alasan utama mereka datang ke Jepang adalah untuk bekerja, bukan untuk belajar.
Sebenarnya, para “pemagang” internal bidang teknik secara resmi diundang untuk mendapatkan keahlian dan pengetahuan di Jepang sehingga mereka dapat menggunakan ilmu yang didapatkan untuk diterapkan di negara asal masing-masing.
Tetapi kenyataannya banyak dari perusahaan Jepang memanfaatkan mereka sebagai tenaga kerja murah. Para pemagang dari luar negeri tersebut tidak dapat memilih pekerjaan atau pemberi kerja setelah mereka tiba di Jepang, dan pembatasan ini sering menyeret mereka ke dalam kondisi kerja yang keras dengan upah yang rendah.
